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巡游有“解”②|五鳳五色——穿在身上的神鳥傳說 Parade Decoded ② | Five Fengs, Five Colors — The Living Legend of Divine Birds in Ethnic Costumes

在5月18日舉行的2025年“5·19中國旅游日”貴州民族團結大巡游活動中,來自全省的各族群眾身著盛裝,以豐富多彩的服飾展示了貴州多民族融合共生的文化風采。


On May 18, during the 2025 “China Tourism Day” Grand Parade for Ethnic Unity in Guizhou, participants from all across the province took to the streets in traditional attire, showcasing the vibrant cultural tapestry of Guizhou’s multi-ethnic society.

 

貴州省旅游商品協(xié)會會長、省政府“貴系列”專家評審委員會首席綜合專家申敏認為,貴州民族服飾不僅圖案多樣、色彩斑斕,更以“五鳳文化”體現(xiàn)出各文化區(qū)域獨特的審美風格與信仰體系,構成中華民族服飾文化中別具一格的貴州表達。

 

According to Shen Min, President of the Guizhou Provincial Tourism Products Association and Chief Comprehensive Expert of the Guizhou Provincial Government’s “Gui Series” Expert Review Committee, the diversity in patterns and colors of Guizhou’s ethnic costumes is not just visually striking—it also embodies the deeply rooted cultural system known as the Five Feng Cultural Zones, offering a uniquely Guizhou expression within the broader Chinese clothing tradition.

 

“貴州全省共有九個文化區(qū),其中五個文化區(qū)的文化中心在本地,我們稱之為‘五鳳文化區(qū)’?!鄙昝艚榻B說,這五個文化區(qū)分別是紅鳳、玄鳳、青鳳、黃鳳、白鳳文化區(qū),每一個“鳳”都源自貴州不同區(qū)域對圖騰與神鳥文化的傳承,也在民族服飾上體現(xiàn)出鮮明的差異。

 

“Guizhou has a total of nine cultural zones, five of which have their cultural centers located within the province. We refer to these as the ‘Five Feng Cultural Zones,’” explained Shen. These five zones—Red Feng, Dark Feng, Qing Feng, Yellow Feng, and White Feng—derive from regional totemic and divine bird traditions, each expressed through distinct styles of ethnic dress.

 

黔東南及黔南一帶的“紅鳳文化區(qū)”受錦雞文化影響,服飾色彩濃烈、圖案以具象為主,絢麗奪目;黔南為主的“玄鳳文化區(qū)”則以簡潔沉靜的青藍灰為主色調,象征燕子的樸素與沉穩(wěn),其標志性裝飾圍腰花尤具辨識度。

 

In the Red Feng Cultural Zone, encompassing Qiandongnan and parts of Qiannan, the clothing is influenced by golden pheasant imagery. Costumes from this area are vivid, colorful, and feature figurative designs with dazzling visual impact. The Dark Feng Cultural Zone, mainly in Qiannan, draws inspiration from the swallow. Outfits here are more restrained, with cool tones of blue and gray symbolizing the swallow’s modest beauty. A signature feature is the elaborately embroidered waistband flower.

 

而在黔西南與六盤水一帶,則形成“青鳳文化區(qū)”,當?shù)胤椂嗄7驴兹搁_屏的姿態(tài),色彩以青、藍、黑為主,點綴少量朱紅,整體典雅而靈動;畢節(jié)與六盤水部分區(qū)域的“黃鳳文化區(qū)”,則以鷹羽為靈感,服飾多用紅、黃、黑色構圖,視覺沖擊力強烈。

 

In Qianxinan and parts of Liupanshui, the Qing Feng Cultural Zone reflects peacock symbolism. Costumes often imitate the look of a peacock’s open tail, dominated by deep blues and blacks with touches of crimson—elegant yet lively in appearance. In the Yellow Feng Cultural Zone, covering Bijie and parts of Liupanshui, the eagle serves as the cultural motif. Costumes in this area incorporate red, yellow, and black tones, evoking a bold and powerful aesthetic.

 

以貴陽為中心,包含安順和黔南的一部分的“白鳳文化區(qū)”則融合了天鵝文化的雍容與端莊,如花溪大花苗的服飾以滿身挑花為特色,體現(xiàn)出華美莊重的美感。

 

Centered in Guiyang and extending into parts of Anshun and Qiannan, the White Feng Cultural Zone draws upon the grace of the swan. For instance, the Dahua Miao people of Huaxi wear garments densely covered in fine embroidery, creating a look of regal elegance.

 

“理解了‘五鳳文化’,就掌握了識別貴州民族服飾的一把鑰匙?!鄙昝舯硎荆@種源自自然崇拜、圖騰信仰與生態(tài)環(huán)境的文化劃分,形成了貴州民族服飾在全國范圍內獨特的地域性與系統(tǒng)性,展現(xiàn)出中華民族多元一體格局下的地方文化精彩。

 

“Understanding the Five Feng Cultural Zones is key to identifying the styles of Guizhou’s ethnic clothing,” Shen emphasized. Rooted in nature worship, totemic belief systems, and adapted to the ecological environment, this cultural classification lends Guizhou’s costumes a unique regional identity and systematic richness, highlighting the beauty of diversity within the unified fabric of the Chinese nation.


貴州日報天眼新聞記者 王旗

攝影 潘先萬

編輯 張瀚文

二審 龐博 陳大煒

三審 許邵庭